Convention on prohibitions or restrictions on the use of. The definition of a cluster munition for the purposes of the convention and its scope are set out in its articles 1 and 2 of the treaty. Arms control laws, regulations and rules cluster bombs war international law. In 2008, the convention on cluster munitions was adopted by over 100 countries. Cluster munitions, cluster bombs human rights watch. However, it has become clear from the rate of square meters. Transfer involves, in addition to the physical movement of cluster munitions into or from national territory, the transfer of title to and control over cluster munitions, but does not involve the. The convention on cluster munitions the ccm is the international treaty of more than 100 states that addresses the humanitarian consequences and unacceptable harm caused to civilians by cluster munitions, through a categorical prohibition and a framework for action. The various articles in the convention address victims assistance, clearance of contaminated areas, destruction of stockpiles, and transparency measures as well as guidance to address possible compliance issues. A guide to cluster munitions geneva international centre. On may 30, 2008, 107 states adopted the convention on cluster munitions. Convention on cluster munitions arms control association. Its disarmament provisions comprehensively prohibit the use, production, transfer, and stockpiling of cluster munitions, as well as assistance with any of these banned activities, and require that stockpiled cluster munitions be destroyed within eight years.
Convention text the convention on cluster munitions. The convention on cluster munitions, ccm, prohibits all use, stockpiling, production and transfer of cluster munitions. The convention on cluster munitions the ccm is the. Hot topic cluster munitions legislation implications october 2011 convention on cluster munitions ccm the convention on cluster munitions ccm was introduced in dublin, ireland in may 2008 where it was adopted by 107 countries and implemented on august 1st, 2010. Countries that have ratified the convention on cluster munitions. Concerned that cluster munition remnants kill or maim civilians. Convention on cluster munitions reporting formats for article 7 of the convention on cluster munitions state party. Convention on cluster munitions draft day month year original.
In 2005 the european parliament adopted its resolution on a minefree world, explicitly. Convention on cluster munitions, international treaty, adopted by more than 100 countries on may 30, 2008, that prohibited the manufacture, transfer, and use of cluster munitions. A guide to cluster munitions the convention on cluster. The vast majority are free falling, meaning that they are not individually guided towards a target. Dublin, 30 may 2008 the convention was ratified by the united kingdom on the 4 may 2010 and entered into force for the united kingdom on the 1 november 2010 presented to parliament. Convention on cluster munitions ccm facing finance. These weapons have killed or injured tens of thousands of civilians in waraffected countries. Italian ministry of foreign affairs and international cooperation directorategeneral for political and security affairs. Monitoring progress in implementing the vientiane action plan between the second and third meetings of states parties submitted by the president of the second meeting of states parties 1. The convention was formally endorsed on 30 may 2008. At the end of 2018, 79% of known areas contaminated with cluster munitions had been cleared and released to endusers. As of 26 september 2018, a total of 120 states have joined the convention, as 104 states parties and 16 signatories.
Convention on cluster munitions international treaty. After 30 states ratified, the convention on cluster munitions entered into force on 1 august 2010. The convention on cluster munitions is a historic achievement. The guide is intended particularly for governments facing a cluster munitions problem. The convention on cluster munitions ccm prohibits all use, stockpiling, production and transfer of cluster munitions.
This convention was negotiated and adopted by 107 states at a diplomatic conference in dublin, ireland in may 2008. The convention on cluster munitions was signed by 94 countries at the oslo signing conference in december 2008, and entered into force on august 1, 2010, after 30 states ratified it by february 16, 2010. Convention on cluster munitionsdublin 19 30 may 2008. It opened for signature on 3 december 2008, and entered into force on 1 august 2010. Convention on cluster munitions the states parties to this convention, deeply concerned that civilian populations and individual civilians continue to bear the brunt of armed conflict, determined to put an end for all time to the suffering and casualties caused by cluster munitions at the time of their use, when they fail to function as intended or when they. Permission is granted to copy, distribute andor modify this document under the terms of the gnu free documentation license, version 1. Each state is required within eight years of becoming. Where, after entry into force of this convention, cluster munitions have become cluster munition remnants located in areas under the jurisdiction or control of a state party, each state party in a position to do so shall urgently provide.
The convention on cluster munitions the adoption of the convention on cluster munitions is a recognition of cluster munitions terrible and unacceptable consequences for civilian populations. Cluster munitions do not distinguish between civilians and combatants and can leave behind unexploded ordnance which can harm civilians and be detrimental to economic and social development for decades after use. Cluster munitions are characterized as bombs or shells that consist of an outer. Other cluster munitions are designed to destroy runways or electric power transmission lines, disperse chemical or biological weapons, or to scatter.
As with the previous edition, this second edition of a guide to cluster munitions provides information on the impact of cluster munitions on civilians and practical steps on how to prevent and address that impact. In may 2008, 107 states concluded an international treaty prohibitingthese weapons. States parties and signatories by region the convention. Convention on cluster munitions how is convention on. Previous efforts focused on prohibitions of other weapons, such as landmines. Such munitions are effective against targets that do not have fixed locations, such as enemy soldiers or vehicles, and also against precise positions, such as airfields and missile sites. The strength of the treaty is largely due to the prohibition on cluster munitions as an entire category of weapons. Convention on cluster munitions wikimili, the free. The participating states have confirmed that cluster munitions, which have caused so much loss in decades, are not only morally repugnant, but are now considered illegal. The convention was adopted on 30 may 2008 in dublin, and was opened for signature o. The convention also sets legal precedent in three ways.
The convention on cluster munitions bans all use, production, transfer and stockpiling of cluster munitions. Background and issues for congress congressional research service rs22907 version 31 updated 3 international attempts to regulate use u. Treaties, states parties, and commentaries convention on. Msci esg research hot topic cluster munitions october 2011. Convention on cluster munitions wikisource, the free. It prohibits the use, production, transfer, and stockpiling of cluster munitions. Cluster munitions have been a persistent problem for decades. Separate articles in the convention concern assistance to victims, clearance of contaminated areas and destruction of stockpiles. The 2008 convention on cluster munitions prohibits states parties from using, developing, producing, acquiring, stockpiling, retaining, or transferring cluster munitions under any circumstances. The convention on cluster munitions is an international treaty that restricts the use of cluster bombs, a type of weapon in which a primary munition scatters many submunitions bomblets.
The convention was formally endorsed on 30 may 2008 in dublin, ireland, and is due to be signed in oslo in december. The recent convention on cluster munitions ccm, convention1 is the latest attempt by the international community to humanize the conduct of war. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled gnu free documentation license. Jan 19, 2012 the convention on cluster munitions is an international treaty that restricts the use of cluster bombs, a type of weapon in which a primary munition scatters many submunitions bomblets. The 2008 convention on cluster munitions provides the only international framework for eradicating these weapons. Implementation of the convention on cluster munitions unog. The convention was adopted on 30 may 2008 in dublin, and was opened for signature on 3 december 2008 in oslo. Fortunately, a growing number of states have or are in the process of adhering to the convention on cluster munitions. In november 2010, the first meeting of states parties to the convention on cluster munitions 1msp took place in vientiane, lao pdr.
Guide to cluster munitions, second edition, gichd, geneva, june 2009. The negotiators rejected proposals for broad exceptions from the ban and for a transition period during which cluster munitions could still be used. The 2008 convention on cluster munitions comprehensively bans a weapon that causes civilian. Cluster munitions consist of containers and submunitions. Cubas presentation the convention on cluster munitions nov 12, 2008 cuba shall not store cluster munitions or explosive submunitions for the purposes authorized in article 3.
By adopting this convention, states have put in place the final plank in the international legal structure addressing the effects of weapons that dont stop killing. Cluster munitions article about cluster munitions by the. Each state party undertakes never under any circumstances to. It is a landmark in the efforts to address the suffering that these weapons cause. Commonly, this is a cluster bomb that ejects explosive bomblets that are designed to kill personnel and destroy vehicles. Cluster munitions at a glance arms control association. The convention on cluster munitions represents a major step forward in international efforts to protect civilians from cluster munitions as well as to address their humanitarian and development impact. Convention on cluster munitions the states parties to this convention deeply concerned that civilian populations and individual civilians continue to bear the brunt of armed conflict, determined to put an end for all time to the suffering and casualties caused by cluster munitions at the time of their use, when they fail to function as intended or. Convention, of cluster munitions, including explosive submunitions, with details of the methods that will be used in destruction, the location of all destruction sites and the applicable safety and environmental standards to be observed. Convention on cluster munitions wikimili, the free encyclopedia. Convention on cluster munitions wikisource, the free online. It was ratified on november 5th, 2010 and it entered into force on may 1st, 2011.
The 2008 convention on cluster munitions prohibits the use, production, transfer, and stockpiling of cluster munitions. Convention on cluster munitions the issues monitor. The convention on cluster munitions entered into force on 1 august 2010, six months after it was ratified by 30 states. Mark hiznay, survey of cluster munitions produced and stockpiled, presentation at the icrc expert meeting on the humanitarian, military, technical and legal challenges of cluster munitions, montreux, switzerland, 1820 april 2007. Under the terms of the convention, a number of responsibilities have. The icrc warmly welcomes the adoption of this historic agreement prohibiting the use, production, stockpiling and transfer of cluster munitions. Cluster munition remnants means failed cluster munitions, abandoned cluster munitions, unexploded submunitions and unexploded bomblets. Convention on cluster munitions draft the convention on. The convention on cluster munitions and the evolution of. See fact sheet, the convention on cluster munitions. The negotiators rejected proposals for broad exceptions from the ban and for a transition period during which cluster munitions could still be. The convention became binding international law when it entered into force on 1 august. A cluster munition is a form of airdropped or groundlaunched explosive weapon that releases or ejects smaller submunitions. Dublin 19 30 may 2008 convention on cluster munitions, ccm 77, 30 may 2008 excerpt article 1 general obligations and scope of application 1.
English third meeting of states parties oslo, 1014 september 2012 the oslo progress report. The convention was previously published as miscellaneous no. Convention on cluster munitions human rights investigations. The convention on cluster munitions ccm is an international treaty that prohibits the use.
Convention on cluster munitions and mine ban treaty respectively. The convention bans the use, development, production, stockpiling and. Italy national points of contact organization, telephones, fax, email. Aerospace and defense industries government law cluster bombs military aspects political aspects reports. Cubas presentation the convention on cluster munitions. In may 2008, more than 100 states adopted the convention on cluster munitions, which prohibits the use, development, production, stockpiling and transfer of such munitions. The convention on cluster munitions ccm is an international treaty that prohibits the use, stockpiling, production, and transfer of cluster munitions. Conference on the convention on cluster munitions in 2015. Convention on cluster munitions tke states parties to this convention, deeply concerned that civilian populations and individual civilians continue to bear the brunt of armed conflict, determined to put an end for all time to the suffering and casualties caused by cluster munitions at the time of their use, when they fail to function.
Napalm and cluster munitions in the inhumane weapons convention volume 45 issue 1 elvira rosert. The various articles in the convention address victims assistance, clearance of contaminated areas, destruction of stockpiles, and transparency me. Convention on cluster munitions human rights watch. The convention on cluster munitions was adopted by 107 countries on 30 may 2008 in dublin, ireland. Although a number of militarily important states remain outside of the convention, and cluster munitions have been used on a number of occasions by nonparties since the convention came into force, supporters of the treaty point to a stigmatising effect of the ban. The convention on cluster munitions and the evolution of international humanitarian law bonnie docherty abstract the 2008 convention on cluster munitions comprehensively bans a weapon that causes civilian casualties both during and after attacks. It also requires destruction of stockpiles, clearance of. This convention was negotiated and adopted by 107 states at a diplomatic.
It also requires destruction of stockpiles, clearance of areas contaminated. The convention on cluster munitions prohibits all use, production, stockpiling, and transfer of cluster munitions. The convention on cluster munitions ccm is an international treaty that prohibits the use, transfer, and stockpiling of cluster bombs, a type of explosive weapon which scatters submunitions bomblets over an area. Convention on cluster munitions, 30 may 2008 state parties 108 state signatories after decades of seeing civilians suffer with each new use of cluster munitions, and in the face of an inadequate response in other fora, norway launched the oslo process on cluster munitions in february 2007 by inviting governments supporting the. It prohibits the use, production, transfer, and stockpiling of.
Central american states have joined the convention, thus fulfilling their aspiration to become the first cluster munitionsfree region in the world. Cluster munition according to the convention on cluster munitions a cluster munition is a conventional munition that is designed to disperse or release explosive submunitions each weighing less than 20 kilograms, and includes those explosive submunitions. Convention on cluster munitions convention on cluster munitions determined also to ensure the full realisation of the rights of all cluster munition victims and recognising their inherent dignity, resolved to do their utmost in providing assistance to clus ter munition victims, including medical care, rehabilitation and. On december 3rd, 2008 lebanon signed the convention on cluster munitions.
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